Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns. A subject pronoun is used as the subject of the verb. (Los pronombres son palabras que toman el lugar de sustantivos. Un pronombre sujeto es usado como el sujeto del verbo.)
I / yo - I used the car. (Antonio) / Usé el coche.
you / tú, usted, ustedes - You love the gym. (Franki) / Tú amas el gimnasio.
he / él - Was he at the house? (Ramsis) / ¿Estaba él en la casa?
she / ella - She hates the cats. (Estella) / Ella odia los gatos.
it - It moved. (The table) / Esto se movió.
we / nosotros, nosotras - We wanted the keys. (Antonio and Alex) / Quisimos las llaves.
they / ellos, ellas - They like the coffee from the restaurant. (Kendon and Wendy) / Ellos les gusta el café del restaurante.
Thursday, January 31, 2008
Wednesday, January 30, 2008
24 The Fruits (las frutas)
manzana / apple
naranja / orange
piña / pineapple
uva / grape
fresa / strawberry
pera / pear
cereza / cherry
limón / lemon
melón / melon
banano / banana
melocotón / peach
mango / mango
coco / coconut
sandía / watermelon
papaya / papaya
toronja / grapefruit
ciruela / plum
limón verde, lima / lime
kiwi / kiwi
albaricoque / apricot
plátano / plantain
pasas / raisins
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to mix, you / + to like, we / + to do, I / + to fix, she / + to use, he / + to finish, it / - to hope, he / - to wash, the woman / ? to be, you / ? to enjoy, they
naranja / orange
piña / pineapple
uva / grape
fresa / strawberry
pera / pear
cereza / cherry
limón / lemon
melón / melon
banano / banana
melocotón / peach
mango / mango
coco / coconut
sandía / watermelon
papaya / papaya
toronja / grapefruit
ciruela / plum
limón verde, lima / lime
kiwi / kiwi
albaricoque / apricot
plátano / plantain
pasas / raisins
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to mix, you / + to like, we / + to do, I / + to fix, she / + to use, he / + to finish, it / - to hope, he / - to wash, the woman / ? to be, you / ? to enjoy, they
Tuesday, January 29, 2008
23 Quasi-Regular Verbs (verbos cuasi-regulares)
For the third person singular in present tense, the verbs that end in ‘ch’, ‘sh’, ‘x’, and ‘ss’ add ‘es’ to the end of the word. (Para la tercera persona singular en presente, los verbos terminan en –ch, -sh, -x, o -ss agrega ‘es’ al final de la palabra.)
10 quasi-regular verbs (10 verbos cuasi-regulares)
::wash:: lavar We washed our hands. / Lavamos nuestras manos.
::touch:: tocar You touched my leg. / Usted tocó mi pierna.
::watch:: mirar Luis watches the television. / Luis mira la televisión.
::push:: empujar She pushes the chair. / Ella empuja la silla.
::mix:: combinar I will mix the clothes. / Combinaré las ropas.
::brush:: cepillar I will brush my teeth. / Cepillaré mis dientes.
::finish:: terminar I finished my homework. / Terminé mi tarea.
::reach:: alcanzar We reached the church. / Alcanzamos la iglesia.
::fix:: componer He fixed my chair. / Él compuso mi silla.
::kiss:: besar I kissed my girlfriend. / Besé mi novia.
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to lie, they / + to reach, I / + fix, he / + to want, she / + to touch, she / + to kiss, it / - to feel, she / - to be, we / ? to have, I / ? to kiss, he
10 quasi-regular verbs (10 verbos cuasi-regulares)
::wash:: lavar We washed our hands. / Lavamos nuestras manos.
::touch:: tocar You touched my leg. / Usted tocó mi pierna.
::watch:: mirar Luis watches the television. / Luis mira la televisión.
::push:: empujar She pushes the chair. / Ella empuja la silla.
::mix:: combinar I will mix the clothes. / Combinaré las ropas.
::brush:: cepillar I will brush my teeth. / Cepillaré mis dientes.
::finish:: terminar I finished my homework. / Terminé mi tarea.
::reach:: alcanzar We reached the church. / Alcanzamos la iglesia.
::fix:: componer He fixed my chair. / Él compuso mi silla.
::kiss:: besar I kissed my girlfriend. / Besé mi novia.
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to lie, they / + to reach, I / + fix, he / + to want, she / + to touch, she / + to kiss, it / - to feel, she / - to be, we / ? to have, I / ? to kiss, he
Monday, January 28, 2008
22 Plural Nouns (nombres plurales)
A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. A singular noun names one and a plural noun names more than one. (Un sustantivo es una palabra que designa una persona, un lugar, una cosa, o una idea. Un sustantivo singular llama un y un sustantivo plural llama más de uno.)
To make a noun plural, add ‘s’ to the end of the word. (Para hacer un sustantivo plural, agrega la letra ‘s’ al final de la palabra.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
tree -> trees gym -> gyms book -> books
exceptions (excepciónes):
1 When the singular noun ends with –ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z add ‘es’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina con –ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z agrega ‘es’ al final de la palabra para hacer un sustantivo.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
beach -> beaches boss -> bosses church -> churches
2 When the singular noun ends with –f, -fe remove –f or –fe and add ‘ves’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en –f, -fe quita –f o –fe y agrega ‘ves’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
wife -> wives knife -> knives leaf -> leaves
3 When the singular noun ends with a consonant + ‘y’ remove –y and add ‘ies’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en una consonante + ‘y’, quita –y y agrega ‘ies’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
party -> parties country -> countries butterfly -> butterflies
4 When the singular noun ends with ‘us’ remove –us and add ‘i’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en ‘us’, quita –us y agrega ‘i’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
octopus -> octopi
5 Some nouns are irregular in plural form: (Algunos sustantivos son irregulares en la forma plural:)
man -> men woman -> women child -> children
person -> people mouse -> mice tooth -> teeth
6 Some nouns are the same in singular and plural form: (Algunos sustantivos son el mismo en la forma singular y plural:)
deer -> deer sheep -> sheep fish -> fish
Write the plural form of each singular word: (Escriba la palabra plural de cada palabra singular:)
(1) monkey
(2) dish
(3) city
(4) ball
(5) bed
(6) class
(7) octopus
(8) secretary
(9) turkey
(10) donkey
(11) person
(12) watch
(13) whale
(14) deer
(15) movie
(16) knife
(17) letter
(18) gym
(19) grocery store
(20) fish
(21) mouse
(22) foot
To make a noun plural, add ‘s’ to the end of the word. (Para hacer un sustantivo plural, agrega la letra ‘s’ al final de la palabra.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
tree -> trees gym -> gyms book -> books
exceptions (excepciónes):
1 When the singular noun ends with –ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z add ‘es’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina con –ch, -s, -sh, -x, -z agrega ‘es’ al final de la palabra para hacer un sustantivo.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
beach -> beaches boss -> bosses church -> churches
2 When the singular noun ends with –f, -fe remove –f or –fe and add ‘ves’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en –f, -fe quita –f o –fe y agrega ‘ves’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
wife -> wives knife -> knives leaf -> leaves
3 When the singular noun ends with a consonant + ‘y’ remove –y and add ‘ies’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en una consonante + ‘y’, quita –y y agrega ‘ies’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
party -> parties country -> countries butterfly -> butterflies
4 When the singular noun ends with ‘us’ remove –us and add ‘i’ to the end of the word to make it plural. (Cuando el sustantivo singular termina en ‘us’, quita –us y agrega ‘i’ al final de la palabra para hacerlo plural.) For example, (Por ejemplo,)
octopus -> octopi
5 Some nouns are irregular in plural form: (Algunos sustantivos son irregulares en la forma plural:)
man -> men woman -> women child -> children
person -> people mouse -> mice tooth -> teeth
6 Some nouns are the same in singular and plural form: (Algunos sustantivos son el mismo en la forma singular y plural:)
deer -> deer sheep -> sheep fish -> fish
Write the plural form of each singular word: (Escriba la palabra plural de cada palabra singular:)
(1) monkey
(2) dish
(3) city
(4) ball
(5) bed
(6) class
(7) octopus
(8) secretary
(9) turkey
(10) donkey
(11) person
(12) watch
(13) whale
(14) deer
(15) movie
(16) knife
(17) letter
(18) gym
(19) grocery store
(20) fish
(21) mouse
(22) foot
Sunday, January 27, 2008
21 The Irregular Verb ‘To Feel’ (verbo irregular ‘to feel’)
to feel :: sentir
continuous tense (progresivo)
feeling
vocabulary (vocabulario)
frío / cold
calor / hot
hambre / hungry
sed / thirsty
mal / bad
bueno / good
Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English (Traduzca los siguientes oraciones del español a inglés):
Yo siento calor. / I feel hot.
Yo sentí hambre. / I felt hungry.
Ella se siente cansada. / She feels tired.
Nosotros nos sentimos mareados. / We feel dizzy.
Ellas sintieron frío. / They felt cold.
¿Se siente usted enfermo? / Do you feel sick?
Él se siente mal por usted. / He feels bad for you.
Mi cabeza se siente caliente. / My head feels hot.
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.
+ to have, I / + to talk, you / + to want, they / + to do, she / + to be, we / - to feel, you / - to open, it / ? to play, they / ? to shop, he / ? to die, it
present tense, past tense, future tense, continuous tense, español
Form sentences using the following words: (Forme oraciones usando las siguientes palabras:)
? when, to have, you / ? where, to learn, they / ? who, to be, he / ? how, to be, you / ? why, to be, she / ? what, to play, they / ? did, to feel, your head / ? do, to travel, you
feeling
vocabulary (vocabulario)
frío / cold
calor / hot
hambre / hungry
sed / thirsty
mal / bad
bueno / good
Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English (Traduzca los siguientes oraciones del español a inglés):
Yo siento calor. / I feel hot.
Yo sentí hambre. / I felt hungry.
Ella se siente cansada. / She feels tired.
Nosotros nos sentimos mareados. / We feel dizzy.
Ellas sintieron frío. / They felt cold.
¿Se siente usted enfermo? / Do you feel sick?
Él se siente mal por usted. / He feels bad for you.
Mi cabeza se siente caliente. / My head feels hot.
Instructions: Conjugate the following verbs into the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.
+ to have, I / + to talk, you / + to want, they / + to do, she / + to be, we / - to feel, you / - to open, it / ? to play, they / ? to shop, he / ? to die, it
present tense, past tense, future tense, continuous tense, español
Form sentences using the following words: (Forme oraciones usando las siguientes palabras:)
? when, to have, you / ? where, to learn, they / ? who, to be, he / ? how, to be, you / ? why, to be, she / ? what, to play, they / ? did, to feel, your head / ? do, to travel, you
Saturday, January 26, 2008
20 Parts of the Body (partes del cuerpo)
ojo / eye
oreja / ear
nariz / nose
boca / mouth
ceja / eye brow
frente / forehead
cabeza / head
cuello / neck
hombro / shoulder
codo / elbow
brazo / arm
espalda / back
pecho / chest
muñeca / wrist
cintura / waist
ombligo / belly button
muslo / thigh
rodilla / knee
pierna / leg
tobillo / ankle
pie / foot
mano / hand
dedos / fingers
uña / fingernail
pulgar / thumb
barbilla / chin
lengua / tongue
dientes / teeth
pelo / hair
perilla, candado / goatee
piel / skin
barba / beard
bigote / mustache
cara / face
estómago / stomach
pulmones / lungs
corazón / heart
hueso / bone
garganta / throat
sangre / blood
músculo / muscle
examples (ejemplos):
Jugué con sus orejas. / I played with her ears.
Él abrió la puerta con su barbilla. / He opened the door with his chin.
¿Usó usted su cabeza? / Did you use your head?
¿Trabaja con sus manos? / Do you work with your hands?
Él movió su pulgar. / He moved his thumb.
Tenemos dientes. / We have teeth.
oreja / ear
nariz / nose
boca / mouth
ceja / eye brow
frente / forehead
cabeza / head
cuello / neck
hombro / shoulder
codo / elbow
brazo / arm
espalda / back
pecho / chest
muñeca / wrist
cintura / waist
ombligo / belly button
muslo / thigh
rodilla / knee
pierna / leg
tobillo / ankle
pie / foot
mano / hand
dedos / fingers
uña / fingernail
pulgar / thumb
barbilla / chin
lengua / tongue
dientes / teeth
pelo / hair
perilla, candado / goatee
piel / skin
barba / beard
bigote / mustache
cara / face
estómago / stomach
pulmones / lungs
corazón / heart
hueso / bone
garganta / throat
sangre / blood
músculo / muscle
examples (ejemplos):
Jugué con sus orejas. / I played with her ears.
Él abrió la puerta con su barbilla. / He opened the door with his chin.
¿Usó usted su cabeza? / Did you use your head?
¿Trabaja con sus manos? / Do you work with your hands?
Él movió su pulgar. / He moved his thumb.
Tenemos dientes. / We have teeth.
Friday, January 25, 2008
19 Animals (los animales)
As the deer pants for streams of water, so my soul pants for you, O God. Psalm 42:1
Cual ciervo jadeante en busca del agua, así te busca, oh Dios, todo mi ser. Salmos 42:1
ciervo / deer
tigre / tiger
león / lion
elefante / elephant
gorila / gorilla
serpeinte / snake
gallo / rooster
pavo / turkey
cerdo / pig
perro / dog
oveja / sheep
caballo / horse
vaca / cow
conejo / rabbit
pato / duck
gato / cat
burro / donkey
oso / bear
ave, pájaro / bird
cocodrilo / crocodile
mono / monkey
tortuga / turtle
ardilla / squirrel
cabra / goat
araña / spider
abeja / bee, honeybee
hormiga / ant
pez / fish
águila / eagle
lagarto / lizard
rana / frog
sapo / toad
delfín / dolphin
ballena / whale
mosquito / mosquito
loro / parrot
ratón / mouse
rata / rat
escorpión / scorpion
cangrejo / crab
pollo / chicken
camello / camel
tiburón / shark
búho / owl
toro / bull
gusano / worm
mariposa / butterfly
pulpo / octopus
more vocabulary (más vocabulario)
mascota / pet
jaula / cage
zoológico / zoo
Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English. (Traduzca los siguientes oraciones del español a inglés.)
¿A ti te gusta el zoológico? (Answer: Do you like the zoo?)
¿Tiene una mascota? (Do you have a pet?)
Sí, tengo un gato. (Yes, I have a cat.)
No, yo no tengo una mascota. (No, I do not have a pet.)
Él caminó el perro. (He walked the dog.)
¿Habla su loro? (Does your parrot talk?)
No, mi loro no habla. (No, my parrot does not talk.)
Sí, mi loro habla. (Yes, my parrot talks.)
El pez se murió. (The fish died.)
¿Se movió la serpiente? (Did the snake move?)
Cual ciervo jadeante en busca del agua, así te busca, oh Dios, todo mi ser. Salmos 42:1
ciervo / deer
tigre / tiger
león / lion
elefante / elephant
gorila / gorilla
serpeinte / snake
gallo / rooster
pavo / turkey
cerdo / pig
perro / dog
oveja / sheep
caballo / horse
vaca / cow
conejo / rabbit
pato / duck
gato / cat
burro / donkey
oso / bear
ave, pájaro / bird
cocodrilo / crocodile
mono / monkey
tortuga / turtle
ardilla / squirrel
cabra / goat
araña / spider
abeja / bee, honeybee
hormiga / ant
pez / fish
águila / eagle
lagarto / lizard
rana / frog
sapo / toad
delfín / dolphin
ballena / whale
mosquito / mosquito
loro / parrot
ratón / mouse
rata / rat
escorpión / scorpion
cangrejo / crab
pollo / chicken
camello / camel
tiburón / shark
búho / owl
toro / bull
gusano / worm
mariposa / butterfly
pulpo / octopus
more vocabulary (más vocabulario)
mascota / pet
jaula / cage
zoológico / zoo
Translate the following sentences from Spanish to English. (Traduzca los siguientes oraciones del español a inglés.)
¿A ti te gusta el zoológico? (Answer: Do you like the zoo?)
¿Tiene una mascota? (Do you have a pet?)
Sí, tengo un gato. (Yes, I have a cat.)
No, yo no tengo una mascota. (No, I do not have a pet.)
Él caminó el perro. (He walked the dog.)
¿Habla su loro? (Does your parrot talk?)
No, mi loro no habla. (No, my parrot does not talk.)
Sí, mi loro habla. (Yes, my parrot talks.)
El pez se murió. (The fish died.)
¿Se movió la serpiente? (Did the snake move?)
Thursday, January 24, 2008
18 Question Words (palabras interrogativas)
There are three basic types of questions. (Hay tres tipos básicos de preguntas.)
(1) Yes/No Questions. The answer to the question is either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. (La respuesta a la pregunta es ‘sí’ o ‘no’.)
(2) Question Word Questions. The answer to the question is information. (La respuesta a la pregunta es información.)
(3) Choice Questions. The answer to the question is in the question. (La respuesta a la pregunta está en la pregunta.)
(1) Yes/No Questions
Do (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + want (main verb) + dinner? (¿Quiere usted la cena?)
Can (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + drive (main verb)? (¿Puede usted conducir?)
Has (auxiliary verb) + she (subject) + finished (main verb) + her work? (¿Ha terminado ella su trabajo?)
Did (auxiliary verb) + they (subject) + go (main verb) + home? (¿Se fueron a casa ellos?)
(2) Question Word Questions
Where do you live? (¿Dónde vives tú?)
When will we have lunch? (¿Cuándo almorzaremos?)
Who did she meet? (¿A quién encontró ella?)
Why has not Tara done it? (¿Por qué no lo ha hecho Tera?)
What is the answer? (¿Qué es la respuesta?)
How are you doing? (¿Cómo estas haciendo?)
Which is your car? (¿Cuál es su carro?)
(3) Choice Questions
Do (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + want (main verb) + tea or coffee? (¿Quieres té o café?)
Will (auxiliary verb) + we (subject) + meet (main verb) + John or Paul? (¿Encontraremos a John o Paul?)
Did (auxiliary verb) + she (subject) + go (main verb) + to London or New York? (¿Fue ella a Londres o Nueva York?)
Basic Question Structure (estructura de pregunta básica)
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
Do + you + like + Mary? (¿Le gusta Mary?)
Are + they + playing + football? (¿Juegan ellos al fútbol americana?)
Will + Antonio + go + to Cobán? (¿Irá Antonio a Cobán?)
Have + you + seen + the movie? (¿Ha visto usted la película?)
Exception: (Excepción:) for the verb ‘to be’ in simple present and simple past, we do not use an auxiliary verb. We simply reverse the position of ‘be’ and the subject. (Para el verbo ‘to be’ en presente y pasado, no usamos un verbo auxiliar. Simplemente invertimos la posición de ‘to be’ y el sujeto.)
For example, (por ejemplo,)
He is German. (Él es Alemanian.)
Is he German? (¿Es él Alemanian?)
Was Jon home? (¿Estuvo Jon en casa?)
Where is Bombay? (¿Donde es Bombay?)
How was she? (¿Cómo era ella?)
Is your car white or black? (¿Es su coche blanco o negro?)
Were they $15 or $50? (¿Eran $15 o $50?)
Exercise (ejercicio)
Instructions: conjugate the following verbs in the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to learn, I / - to play, you / ? to need, we / + to have, they / - to walk, she / ? to live, you / + to be, we / - to open, you / ? to use, he / + to do, I
present tense, past tense, future tense, continuous tense, español
(1) Yes/No Questions. The answer to the question is either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. (La respuesta a la pregunta es ‘sí’ o ‘no’.)
(2) Question Word Questions. The answer to the question is information. (La respuesta a la pregunta es información.)
(3) Choice Questions. The answer to the question is in the question. (La respuesta a la pregunta está en la pregunta.)
(1) Yes/No Questions
Do (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + want (main verb) + dinner? (¿Quiere usted la cena?)
Can (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + drive (main verb)? (¿Puede usted conducir?)
Has (auxiliary verb) + she (subject) + finished (main verb) + her work? (¿Ha terminado ella su trabajo?)
Did (auxiliary verb) + they (subject) + go (main verb) + home? (¿Se fueron a casa ellos?)
(2) Question Word Questions
Where do you live? (¿Dónde vives tú?)
When will we have lunch? (¿Cuándo almorzaremos?)
Who did she meet? (¿A quién encontró ella?)
Why has not Tara done it? (¿Por qué no lo ha hecho Tera?)
What is the answer? (¿Qué es la respuesta?)
How are you doing? (¿Cómo estas haciendo?)
Which is your car? (¿Cuál es su carro?)
(3) Choice Questions
Do (auxiliary verb) + you (subject) + want (main verb) + tea or coffee? (¿Quieres té o café?)
Will (auxiliary verb) + we (subject) + meet (main verb) + John or Paul? (¿Encontraremos a John o Paul?)
Did (auxiliary verb) + she (subject) + go (main verb) + to London or New York? (¿Fue ella a Londres o Nueva York?)
Basic Question Structure (estructura de pregunta básica)
auxiliary verb + subject + main verb
Do + you + like + Mary? (¿Le gusta Mary?)
Are + they + playing + football? (¿Juegan ellos al fútbol americana?)
Will + Antonio + go + to Cobán? (¿Irá Antonio a Cobán?)
Have + you + seen + the movie? (¿Ha visto usted la película?)
Exception: (Excepción:) for the verb ‘to be’ in simple present and simple past, we do not use an auxiliary verb. We simply reverse the position of ‘be’ and the subject. (Para el verbo ‘to be’ en presente y pasado, no usamos un verbo auxiliar. Simplemente invertimos la posición de ‘to be’ y el sujeto.)
For example, (por ejemplo,)
He is German. (Él es Alemanian.)
Is he German? (¿Es él Alemanian?)
Was Jon home? (¿Estuvo Jon en casa?)
Where is Bombay? (¿Donde es Bombay?)
How was she? (¿Cómo era ella?)
Is your car white or black? (¿Es su coche blanco o negro?)
Were they $15 or $50? (¿Eran $15 o $50?)
Exercise (ejercicio)
Instructions: conjugate the following verbs in the correct form. (Instrucciones: conjugue los siguientes verbos en la forma correcta.)
+ to learn, I / - to play, you / ? to need, we / + to have, they / - to walk, she / ? to live, you / + to be, we / - to open, you / ? to use, he / + to do, I
present tense, past tense, future tense, continuous tense, español
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